The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.